More on the subject of intellectual capital
The US National Science Foundation recently released a report discussing world trends in R&D, education, high technology manufacturing and so on. See nsf.gov - S&E Indicators 2014 - US National Science Foundation (NSF).
Interesting numbers come out of this.
Between 2003 and 2012 Chinese high-tech manufacturing increased five-fold. China's share of global R&D went from 8% to 24%. The US leads with 27%. How long will it be before China's 4.5-fold demographic advantage puts it into the leading position?
Among persons holding doctoral level science and engineering degrees 37% are employed by firms having 100 employees or less. Approximately equal numbers are employed in academics and businesses. I interpret this as showing that big business, i.e. business that are established and have built up their product lines, employ a minority of research workers. Thus big businesses are focused on extracting the value of IP, not creating it. The average age of US researchers is also increasing and the median is 44 years old. South Korea doubled and China tripled the number of researchers they educated between 1995 and 2007. The US number increased by 36% and that of the EU increased by 65%.
The US still spends twice as much on R&D as does China, but the trend is downward in the US, Japan and the EU and strongly upward in China for global share of R&D expenditures.
From my preliminary reading I perceive that the East is catching up rapidly to the West. Given the much larger population of China I predict that, as its stock of researchers matures and achieves full potential, China will come to dominate the areas of enterprise that we think of as high-tech.