Alternative framing methods ??

Just a general query really.
Are there any cost effective alternatives to the standard 45 * 90mm stud framed walls, on 450mm centers? either timber or steel?
Assuming the wall is load-bearing have any systems been developed that are not in common use?

Why was this size chosen anyway, is/was it merely the most effective way to mill timber or some other reason/

I was watching a house being assembled down the road and wondered if the composite beams used in the roof would be any good in a wall, those beams using a 45*90 top and bottom with a100mm plywood web between them . If used as studs would they still need to be at 450/600 centers?
Excuse the ramble but these questions just pop into my head sometimes


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