Answer to a dumb question

[rrich]

It came up with the kids. . .

'Is there a country that experiences Winter Solstice and Summer Solstice, simultaneously?'

My answer was "Sort of yes but probably about 12 hours apart.'

My answer was based upon the United Kingdom which includes England and Australia, among others. The kids claimed that they were separate countries where as I said that they have the same Monarch. I would have said England and The Falkland Islands but I think that the Islands are more of a possession or territory than a country.

The question for you blokes, Am I correct?

[Bohdan]

What happens in countries that are on the equator?

Do they even have a summer and winter as the sun just moves from north to south by the same amount?

[ian]

It came up with the kids. . .

'Is there a country that experiences Winter Solstice and Summer Solstice, simultaneously?'

My answer was "Sort of yes but probably about 12 hours apart.'

My answer was based upon the United Kingdom which includes England and Australia, among others. The kids claimed that they were separate countries where as I said that they have the same Monarch. I would have said England and The Falkland Islands but I think that the Islands are more of a possession or territory than a country.

The question for you blokes, Am I correct?Well you are wrong. Sorry.

Australia and England are completely separate countries. They don't even share a Monarch. Betty Windsor is the Queen of England, Ireland and Wales and Queen of Scotland -- which technically are separate crowns. She is also Queen of Australia, but this is separate from her Queen of UK role. Betty could abdicate as Queen of Australia without affexcting her other titles.


but back to your question.
Apart from countries on the Equator, I think the UK is the answer as Pitcairn Island (in the South Pacific) is legally part of the UK as are the South Georgia and South Sandwich islands in the Southern Atlantic Ocean.

I think France might also be an answer as Tahiti and Noumea (both in the South Pacific) are overseas territories of France. As well France owns / administers a bunch of uninhabited islands in the Southern Indian Ocean -- Amsterdam Island, Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Island. As far as I know none of these islands have a permanent population.

The Kingdom of the Netherlands comes close, but the overseas parts are north of the Equator.

[aldav]

China may be a valid answer in the years to come. You never know where they might build an island next! :D

[cava]

Ian has the right answer to a point.

Having been through the courts over the last couple of years - long story. It was ascertained by some (many) greater than myself that the Australian Constitution has the Queen of the UK and Northern Ireland as it's monarch.

However, in 1974(?) the then Whitlam government changed the Royal Stiles and Titles Act to encompass the Queen of Australia without consent from all the countries in the Commonwealth as required, making the Queen of Australia illegal. Fast forward a few years, and we have the Australia Act, which was enacted without due process, also making this Act very suspect.

The upshot is, believe it or not, currently we have the Queen of Australia which is illegal and also the Queen of the UK and Northern Ireland under the Constitution.

Compound this with the situation that the High Court in Melbourne has removed the Australian Coat of Arms and picture of the Queen from it's Court, making it a private Court and one not under the Crown.

Also legally, Australia is still classified as a Colony of the UK, and not a country.

It is a real dogs breakfast.

[Fuzzie]

Definitely France, not UK. Reunion is a Department of France (not just a territory) in the Indian Ocean, southern hemisphere. But why go there when you have countries like Kenya and Congo which the equator bisects?

[rrich]

Thank you all! I never realized that geography could be so complicated. When realizing that any country that has the equator running through it would qualify as simultaneous Summer/Winter Solstice. (Brazil was my thought)

And your supreme leader is about as complicated as ours except yours is complicated with dignity and tradition while ours is complicated by hate and stupidity.

[elanjacobs]

I would have thought that the two solstices must be 6 months apart by definition. Besides, since there is always 12 hours of both light and dark at the equator, it is in permanent equinox and would NEVER experience a solstice in terms of longest/shortest day

[ian]

Astronomically the solstice is when the sun gets to the northern or southern extremity of its movement along the ecliptic.
Well away from the equator you can talk about summer and winter solstices, but at the equator summer/winter have little if any meaning, but at each solstice, the sun is either in the southern sky (December) or the northern sky (June).

[Tonyz]

so this got me thinking....is there a country on the equator that has snow settling on the ground.

[elanjacobs]

Yes, but you have to be pretty high up https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1021

[robbygard]

so this got me thinking....is there a country on the equator that has snow settling on the ground.

i always understood that quito was on the equator and high enough elevation for snow, so maybe ecuador ?

regards david

[Fuzzie]

Mt Kenya is not far from the equator. I think it still snows there, but climate change is making it less and less.

[ian]

It all depends on how you define "on the Equator"

Places that come to mind with snow, for at least part of the year, are
Mt Kilimanjaro -- 3.05 degrees South
quite a few mountains in Equador
Mount Wilhelm -- Papua New Guinea -- 5.8 degrees South
a few peaks in West Papua, among which is Mt Sumantri -- 4.06 degress south -- which has remnants of a glacier

[Fuzzie]

Mt Kenya: 0° 9'

[AlexS]

Mount Wilhelm -- Papua New Guinea -- 5.8 degrees SouthFrom memory, one of the mountains on Bougainville also occasionally has snow on the ground occasionally. It would be at about the same latitude, maybe a little further south.

[artme]

I would have thought that the two solstices must be 6 months apart by definition. Besides, since there is always 12 hours of both light and dark at the equator, it is in permanent equinox and would NEVER experience a solstice in terms of longest/shortest day

I question this. The sun moves ( I know it really doesn't, but it is easier to visualize things this way. 0 Between the two tropics so how can there be equal periods of sunshine and darkness on the equator each and every day?

[artme]

Ian has the right answer to a point.

Having been through the courts over the last couple of years - long story. It was ascertained by some (many) greater than myself that the Australian Constitution has the Queen of the UK and Northern Ireland as it's monarch.

However, in 1974(?) the then Whitlam government changed the Royal Stiles and Titles Act to encompass the Queen of Australia without consent from all the countries in the Commonwealth as required, making the Queen of Australia illegal. Fast forward a few years, and we have the Australia Act, which was enacted without due process, also making this Act very suspect.

The upshot is, believe it or not, currently we have the Queen of Australia which is illegal and also the Queen of the UK and Northern Ireland under the Constitution.

Compound this with the situation that the High Court in Melbourne has removed the Australian Coat of Arms and picture of the Queen from it's Court, making it a private Court and one not under the Crown.

Also legally, Australia is still classified as a Colony of the UK, and not a country.

It is a real dogs breakfast.

I thought that each state in Australia has the Queen of pommyland as its head of state - just to confuse the issue even further!!

[ian]

I question this. The sun moves ( I know it really doesn't, but it is easier to visualize things this way. 0 Between the two tropics so how can there be equal periods of sunshine and darkness on the equator each and every day?
have a look at this chart for daylight in Qquinto, capital of Ecuador https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/ecuador/quito

June 21 -- 12:07
December 21 -- 12:08
September 21 -- 12:06

Yearly Sun graph
http://www.woodworkforums.com/image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAABbQAAAHmCAYAAACrqwg4AAAgAElEQVR4Xu3dwattZ3kG8HNmGq6JUoIkKv4HtZB2UqizFClk0JmdlA4sBQfVgXYUOtFJURAcONDSDgulg4KT1owqtGBbQdpZBwXRJJVQNDFEZ6cI1dy7b3LWWWetb63ved 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 KGoHBXxUXIYlQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECLQXuP6d3/ DmzUKCuQ1Wh5LYG6B2Qt4hfvc58d0BAgQmEVgtj 4mMXFHJkC7n8yczM1AQIECBAgcHeBrffv15/89GdXFdp3H80jCRAgsE1A4b7Nz7MJECDwbgJbbyBnk/UHF7MlYp4tAu5/tuh5LgECBAgQILCHwOjvC1vv3xXae6TsGgQItBSY/QvnZSj 4qvlMbX0IIHRN3iDxv7VZbfeQI6ez/UJEJhXYLb7H/c3854VkxEgQIDAOIHR30dm/76g0B53tlyZAAECUwnM9gV0Kpx3GKb6F TRN0Cz57t1vtlv8Lbu5/kECBBIETj7/qb6/ULKOTAnAQIEZhMY/X2r /cRhfZsJ948BAgQIDCFwNlfkEcjdL8BGu3r gQIECDQQ Ds wWFeo9zZksCBPYXUDjvb3rkFRXaR2p7LQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgsJOAQn0nSJchQGA6AYXzdJFMNZBCe c43vPgyZ2v6HJHCvz8zTeOfDmvRYAAAQIECBAgQIAAgVgBhXpsdAYnsCgwulBeGsC/Ubok1Pvn0xXa6YXwU898uPeJCt/ 9Vd/GL7Bo Mr6EvFaRkCBAgQIECAAAECBB4SOLtQXxuG/0TMWrFejz 7QL7UVij3On9p2y4W2kcXzArhtCNk3pkF0gp6BfzMp8lsBAgQIJAicPT9e4rLL d0v5GWmHkJ1BFIK DryGdsokDOyMmUcwhc/9Gf/fnNbaMomOcIyhQEOgjMXsD7AtzhFNqRAIEEAYXt7Sm5f7/dZ/b7jaN/B93fHC3u9QgQIECAQD Bve/frz/zla/fWmj3I7YxAQIE3llg9i/AvpA6uQQIvJvA3jeQZ0srbM9OwOtXEnB/UylNuxAgQIAAgfsJjP6 sPf9u0L7fjl7FgECBKYTmP0L6VYwhf1WQc9/WGD0Ddts2nvfQM62n3kIEKgrMNv9jfuRumfNZgQIEJhZYPT3l7TvCwrtmU r2QgQIEDgVwKzfaEVTbZA2g1btrbpCRAgUEfg7PsRhXqds2QTAgRqCSicj81ToX2st1cjQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQL3ElCo34vNkwgQIHClcK51CBTatfI8fJv3PfX Va/509d/surxHkyAAAECBAgQIECAAAECcwgo1OfIwRQEKgiMLpgvjfwbmhVOzds7tC 01xayteLfvs2zH/noqou88oPvr3q8B98u4B8QOCEECBAgQIAAAQIECHQROLtQX3L2n4RZEvLzMwWOLpCXdlUwLwn5 W0CpxfaZxfKawtZx4nATALp/4BAIT/TaTILAQIECBAgQIAAAQJbBGYv3Lfs5rn5Agrk/Axt8LbAY4X20QWzQtlxJNBXYLZCXsHe9yzanAABAmcKHH3/feauXnu9gPuT9WaeQYAAAQIECNQWuH7xr/725uEVFcy1A7cdAQLvLjBbwb6UlS 4S0J ToBAqkC3gtf9d pJPWbutPuTJRX3L0tCfk6AAAECBPIFRt/PX3/tpe88Umjnk9mAAAECPQTSvuD6AtvjXNryGIHRN4jHbPHur6LgPTsBr09gnMDs9y/uV8Zl78oECBAgMI/A6O8To /nFdrznCWTECBAoLTA7F9gZ8dP/4I9 oZp9vz2nm/0DeLe87oeAQIEUgTOvl9J/7xPydmcBAgQmF1g9Pen9O8TCu3ZT7D5CBAgQIDA1dXV2V wt4aQfsO0dX/PJ0CAAAECdxGY7fNewX6X1DyGAIGOAgrnc1NXaO/s/94nntj5ii5H4N0FfvbWW3gIECBAgAABAgQIECAwRODsgl2hPiRWFyXQQkDhXDvm EJ7tgL5A08/XfvE2G4qgR /9tpU86wdRiG/VszjCRAgQIAAAQIECPQROLtQX5JWuC8J XlngdGF8pKtf0N0SSj755sL7bMLZQVy9gE0fW B2Qt5hXvv82l7AgQIEDhG4OzvE5db vw/JnevQqCCwOyF 1pjBf1asbGPP7sQ3rqdQnmroOffJnD91//8nzdbiBTKW/Q8lwCBmQVmK9x9wZ75tJiNAIHKArMVrtWsZ/s Mdvnf1re7lfSEjMvgbcFqhX06dkqhNMTNP8WgaX77 u//6//2VRobxnOcwkQIEDg7gJpX7B9ob17th5JIF1g6YYzfb/ZCtd0T/PXFnC/Ujtf2xEgQIAAgV8IjL7/X7r/Vmg7hwQIECAwRCDtC 1aBIX9WrHajx99Qze73tIN5 zzm48Agb4Cs92vuL/oexZtToAAgT0FRn8/Ofv X6G952lxLQIECBBoIzDbF A28JMuevYN3aQsxiJAgACBlQKz3V8o2FcG6OEECBC4o0D1wvmODPd mEL73nSeSIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIE6gqcXbAr1OueLZsRmE1gdMF8ua8/iNl2AhTa2/w8mwABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEBggcHahvrSSwn1JyM8J3F9AwXx/uw7PVGh3SNmOBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAwK4CsxfuS8sq5JeEav386IJ4q56/YN4qWPv5Cu3a 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 OEIvR DuAv/21W/c/cETPFIBP0EIRiBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQITCSwe6F9dME8W4GsgJvodBvlMYGjfz 3RjB7Ae/3fWvCnk AAAECZwik3Q cYTTTa7rfmCkNsxAgQIAAAQIzCFz/61e/cbPnIEcXzLPd4M1ewO2ZtWvlCRz9 7lVaPYv3LP/vs/2/rj1PHg AQIE7isw fJffe67/PS7gfuu2eV581 v7G3s/uXvUVdjwABAgQI5Atc3s9f31xd7VpoH30D0u0GL/8I2oDA3QVm/8I9e0GS9v549OfH3U iRxLoJzD7 9vaRGb/PFm7z9bHe7/dKnjs86v9Pi7pzX7/4vdnKUE/J0CAAIEOAkffn1zez1 //IkXdi20Z78B6XCo7EiAwDECsxckR3/AbFX3 XG7oC/Q29DviRwAACAASURBVE5Y2u/Dtm23P3v297e1G/r9eVTM 3aE3Tu46v9Pi5pzv5 Pdvvj/e3pRPl5wQIEOgpMPrz9Oj7k8vPu93/G9o9j4mtCRAgMJ/A0R8wWwVGf Bune/s58/2Bfpsj7Wvn/b7sHa/vR9frSDx 7P3CXE9AuMEZn /nu1 5ez3t2qfF NOtisTIEDgUYHRnyejP0 Pfv //LxTaPuNIkCAAIEpBEZ/4E6x5IYhRt/wbBgt4qlH33BFoNwy5NkFSbqf QkQqCsw2/3K2fcHZ39e Hyv 7tmMwJnC4x fx39eTL6/fHs93 F9tm/IV6fAAECBAjcQWD0Dc8dRoh yNk3XNF4hidAgACBaQXOvj8YXfgswc/ T66UFry8XMCyQJnv7 Mfn8d/f4w /vj1rOp0N4q6PkECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQKChwOjCZ4n07MJrab70Qml04bbk5 f7Csz 3K57dnvL6PPf/r7w76nc/3VFNrrzTyDAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQOFng7MJraf20AvFyH4XbUsJZP5/99 VSc3ShvJSe878kdO7PFdrn 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 18RZcjcJzAe5944rgX80oECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEVgrEF9qzFcg/fu21lRF4OIF5BD7w9NPzDHOHSRTwd0DyEAIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAIYHdC 2jC2YFcqHTaBUCKwUU8CvBPJwAAQIEIgWOvr ORDL0nQX8QcCdqTyQAAECBAgQmFTg m 9983e86mYN5T07UIEKgkMHsB7wtupdNmFwK1BboVvO6va5/no7eb/X5krYf7l7ViHk AAAECBPIELu//r7/20nd2LbTzSExMgAABAr8QSP C6wutc0zgbYHqha C12knQOCXArPdv7gfcTYJECBAoKPA6O8fl/f/Cu2Op8zOBAgQKCgw2xfagsRWChJQ AaFZVQCBEoJzHY/omAvdbwsQ4AAgXsLHF0433vQOz5RoX1HKA8jQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQJJAmcX7Ar1pNNiVgIEzhSoVjiPtlRojxZeef2fvv6Tlc/wcAL7CbzvqffvdzFXIkCAAAECBAgQIECgtYBCvXX8licQLTC6YL7E8W9Yrjsu7Qvt2QrkV37w/XUJejSBHQWe/chHd7za8ZdSyB9v7hUJECBAgAABAgQIzCpwdqG 5OIv2JeE/LyzwNGFsoI567RNV2gfXTArkLMOrGkJ3CYweyGvcHd CRAgQIDA1dXR9/tp5u4X0hIzL4H7C8xeuK/dTEG/VuzYx59dEK/d1l8srxXr9fjFQvvoG04Fc68DaFsCnQRmK9x9Ye50 uxKgMBIgaPvl0fucsS13e/frjzb/cIRZ2LNa7h/WaPlsQSOFahW0B rN/7VFMTjjb3CcQLXf/F3/3hz28u54TwuDK9EgACBIwXSvjD7Anvk6fBaBPYVqF74ul/e97y4GoHbBGa/f3G/4vwSIECAAIFlga3fD64/85Wv31poL4/gEQQIECBAYLzA7F9gRwv4gjxaeN/rb71B23ea86 m8D0/AxMQIHCMwGz3K 4fjsndqxAgQKC6wN7fb7Z P1BoVz9x9iNAgACBEgKzfUEugTpwia03aANHc2kCBAgQaCRw9v2DQr3RYbMqAQKHCuxdMC8NP9v3G4X2UmJ ToAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECKwWUKivJvMEAgSKCIwunGcrmI OTaF9tPhkr/fzN9 YbCLjjBR4z4MnR17etQkQIECAAAECBAgQIDCNwNmF hKEv2BfEvJzAvsJjC6YLyftXjjvl9w7X0mhvbNwWkH8 qs/3FnA5WYWeOqZD8883uJsCvlFIg8gQIAAAQIECBAgQCBEYPbC/ZJRAR9ysE4a8 jCeO2aCua1YnM/vnyhfXTBrCCe 8CbLltg9kJe4Z59vkxPgAABAgQIECBAgMC7C6QV8LI8VkBhfKx391c7vNBWMHc/cvYnUFdA4V43W5sRIECgssDR9 eVLe22LOAPAJaNPIIAAQIECBC4XeCxQnv0Da2/YHYkCRAgcI7AbIW7L7TnnAOvSoDAeoHR98frJ9r3Ge7P9/V0tdsFZrsfWZuX 5e1Yh5PgAABAgT2F7j ky98 ebhy7qh3R/ZFQkQIEDgcQFfaJ0KAnUEFL51srQJAQLZhbzC3QkmQIAAgQSBrd8frj/56c8 UmgnLG1GAgQIECBwtkB6IX 2n9evJeAPImrlaRsCBHIFzr4/Uajnnh2TEyBA4GGBrYXzkubW7w8K7SVhPydAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQWBRTqi0QeQIAAgV0EZi cd1nylosotEcLu/6tAm 8 SahFQJPPniw4tEeSoAAAQIECBAgQIAAgT4CZxfql9L Yr3P2bMpgdEF86Xw1r9wTk9MoR2WYLUC OVXfxSWwLnjfuiZD547wMGvrsA/GNzLESBAgAABAgQIECCwm8BsBbvCfbdoXWgCgaML5KWVuxfMSz57/1yhvVL07EJZAbwyMA PFpi9wFe4Rx8vwxMgQIAAAQIECBBoLTB74T46nOp/QT9b4bt3ngrkvUWzrhdfaB9dMCuUsw64aQmMFJitcFewj0zbtQkQIECgi8DR3y9Gu7o/GC3s gQIpApUL/QVvqkn09x3ERheaI IVQw3yVmjyFAoIOAgr1DynYkQIDAssDo /lCbIfUe37xWz3B7OfDv8AYPaEzEeAAAECBK6urn/vDz91MxKi2g3hSCvXJkCAQCWB2b9A 8Ja6bTZhcA2gWoFsPvvbefBs3sLuH/pnb/tCRAgQCBD4Ppjz78wtNDOYDAlAQIECHQTmP0L61IeCvklIT/fU6Ba4XtpowDe87S4FgECIwVmu39xPzIybdcmQIBAHYG9v08otOucDZsQIECAQCOB2b7QNqJvuarCt2XsliZAgMCiwGz3Iwr2xcg8gAABAu8osHfhfPkie3 fUGg7yAQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEC8wNkFu0I9/ghZgMC0AmmF82hIhfZoYdcnQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEygucXahfAivYyx85C54oMLpgvlxt779wPpFul5dWaO/C6CIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgXkEZivYl2QU8EtCvX5 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 Y /MvmExhsp8NK3nx15edcmQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAaaXRDAAAApxJREFUAQIECBAgECXQrtBOK4i/9OJ3ow6UYfcV PwXn9v3gidfTUF/cgBengABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECAQLnB4oX12oZxWECsAw3/DNo5/9u/LxvEfe/rsBb3ft70Tdz0CBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAwL4CjxXaowu0swvltMJq9gJw3 PoapcCZ/ 7J3I6PeXrfPO/vuW9v61NQ/PJ0CAQIrA7J9vKY7mrCHgfqVGjrYgQIAAAQIzC1x/7gvP3Tw84OgC7ewbnNkLq5kPi9kIbBUY/f6ydb7ZC4m096 z3 3ngfPJ0BgP4HZ31 3bjr759vW/TyfwBoB9ytrtDyWAAECBAj0ENj7 8D1zc3VI4X26AIi7Qanx7GyJQECvxCYvZDY wNgdOrV3 9Hf16Ozsf1jxVI /3dW2f299et 3o/2Cro ZUE0t7vZrtf8X5S6bfBLgQIEMgRGP35vff3getv/dOzjxTas32g50RvUgIECIwV2PsDYOy0V1ejPxBHz790fZ XS0J /rBA2u/v3ulVL2i8H x9YlwvWSDt/W62 5XZ3k qv38n/66ZnQCBXgKjP69Gf37v/Xly P8pZK/jZlsCBAj0FRj9gXi27OgbirP38/r7Cux9A7fvdOOvNltBM35jr0CAQIrAbPcrs91fnP3 3f3zM X3yJwECIz/g67Rn1ej32/3/jxRaPutI0CAAAEC9xAYfUNxj5E8ZWKBvW/gJl7VaAQIECCwQWC2 4uzC/bZPj9HFz4bjo6nEmgvcPb71ej379HvP7O93y4daIX2kpCfEyBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBhgKjC5ol0rMLqsv5PvW5314aeaqf//t//NpU8ximlsBv/vr/TrXQX375X06dR F8LP//AXuVAN/owUA3AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC

[ian]

I thought that each state in Australia has the Queen of pommyland as its head of state - just to confuse the issue even further!!
the PERSON who is the Queen of pommy land just happens to also be the Queen of Australia. However, the titles are separate which means that they don't HAVE TO BE held by the same person.

[DaveVman]

the PERSON who is the Queen of pommy land just happens to also be the Queen of Australia. However, the titles are separate which means that they don't HAVE TO BE held by the same person.Also Australia is a Dominion of Britain not a colony. Although personally I think its a weak distinction.


Sent from my SM-G935F using Tapatalk

[Sturdee]

Also Australia is a Dominion of Britain not a colony. Although personally I think its a weak distinction.


Sent from my SM-G935F using Tapatalk

Actually we're not.

In 1926, the British government agreed the Balfour Declaration – that Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa were completely independent countries and the 1931 Statute of Westminster confirmed their full legislative independence.

Further in 1953 the Commonwealth of Australia passed complementary legislation.

Peter.